Introduction: Breast cancer is among the main reasons for most cancer-associated loss of life in women worldwide. The use of autologous lipotransfer has become increasingly popular for breast reconstruction. With the emerging data on the efficacy of stromal vascular FRACTION (SVF) in oncological safety and survival rates, although many studies have focused on improving the preservation of fat graft volume with this material, questions regarding safety and efficacy still remain. The present study aimed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of SVF in fat grafting, especially in its preservation. Materials and Methods: Our search was conducted on published research between 2000 and 2022 using several international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We also reviewed additional evidence from relevant published articles. Results: Although the SVF is easier to isolate than adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), it contains a heterogeneous mix of cells. The SVF may act through angiogenesis promotion by endothelial/progenitor cells and immunomodulation by ADSCs. The SVF-enhanced fat grafts improve volume retention in animal models. Although limited clinical data supports improved breast augmentation with SVF without increased cancer recurrence, optimal SVF isolation and cell ratios require further research. Conclusion: Based on the obtained findings, although SVF shows promise to improve fat grafting outcomes in breast reconstruction, more clinical studies on oncologic safety and technical considerations are warranted.

The role of calcium (Ca) in the cycle of phosphorus in water environment depends on the speciation of Ca in sediments, and reliable Ca sequential extraction method is useful for obtaining information about Ca transport processes from sediment to water. Experiments have been carried out to develop a simple but robust Ca sequential extraction method for identification of Ca portioning in sediments. The sequential extraction PROTOCOL was modified for extractants, extracting time, concentration and pH of the reagents in the first three steps of Tessier sequential procedure. With optimum conditions, there were 1:25 sediment to solution ratio and 3 h of extracting time shaken with NH4AC (1 mol L-1, pH 7.0) (exchangeable Ca FRACTION); 1:25 sediment to solution ratio and extracted with NH4AC (1 mol L-1, pH 5.0) for 5 h (carbonate-bound Ca FRACTION); and 1:30 sediment to solution ratio and extracted with NH2OH.HCl (0.5 mol L-1, pH 1.5) for 6 h (Fe and Mn oxides bound Ca FRACTION). The recovery for Tessier procedure ranged form 35.6 to 71.1 %, while the recovery for the modified Tessier procedure ranged form 46.1 to 86.9 %. These results revealed that Tessier procedure underestimated the proportion of Ca in exchangeable FRACTION. In sediments, Ca was mainly exchangeable and carbonate bound, which was considered as the most liable FRACTIONs.

Objective (s): In each society dealing with the HIV/AIDS problem requires a unique response considering the relative effect and magnitude of different risk factors on that society. Generalized Impact FRACTION (GIF) is a measure that can be used for this purpose.Methods: Using a systematic review of reports on three risk factors for HIV/AIDS in Iran, namely poor knowledge and attitude, injecting drug use, and unsafe sexual practices; we tried to find the prevalence and effect size of each in the country. These findings were summarized and used as an input for calculating GIF, when considered as appropriate. Identified information gaps were considered as research priorities.Results: Ninety three reports were reviewed; among them 53 met the inclusion criteria and provided the necessary information on prevalence. The prevalence of poor knowledge was 29.3% in general population; GIF was 12% for injecting drug use outside prisons, and 16%- 75% for injecting drug use inside prisons. There was not sufficient information to calculate GIF for high-risk sexual behavior (sex work).Conclusion: Based on the systematic review, main research priorities for evidence-based decision making should help reaching a better understanding of the magnitude of injecting drug use and sex work in the country, incidence of HIV among these and other most-at-risk populations, and strengthen background evidence and cost-effectiveness of any preventive interventions, such as health communication and education programs and harm reduction measures.